Learn · Module A
Rock Identification Lab
Look closely, ask the right questions and sort Oman’s rocks into their families — the way geologists do in the field.



The specimen collection
15 rocks, minerals and fossils from Oman’s story
2 are shown with real photographs — GeoAstro’s own or licensed specimens, credited in the Rock Explorer. The rest use a labelled Illustration scientifique until a suitable photograph is approved.
- MagmatiquesPéridotiteIllustration · photo needed
MagmatiquesGabbroPhoto · Oman
- MagmatiquesDolérite (complexe filonien)Illustration · photo needed
MagmatiquesBasalte et laves en coussinsPhoto · Oman
- SédimentairesCalcaireIllustration · photo needed
- FossilCorail fossileIllustration · photo needed
- FossilStromatoliteIllustration · photo needed
- SédimentairesDépôt glaciaireIllustration · photo needed
- MétamorphiquesÉclogiteIllustration · photo needed
- MétamorphiquesRoches métamorphiques (schiste)Illustration · photo needed
- SédimentairesTravertinIllustration · photo needed
- StructurePli en fourreauIllustration · photo needed
- MineralOlivineIllustration · photo needed
- MineralGrenatIllustration · photo needed
- MineralCalciteIllustration · photo needed
Identify a rock
Answer what you see — the key does the rest
Geologists identify rocks by looking closely: crystals or grains, layers, fossils and colour. Follow the questions as you would in the field.
Question 1
What do you notice first about the rock?
Look at the whole rock first, then up close with a hand lens.
Question 1
What kind of pattern can you see?
Question 1
Is it porous or banded, like a spring deposit?
Geologists test these rocks with a drop of dilute acid: calcite fizzes. Only your guide does this test.
Question 1
How are the crystals arranged?
Question 1
How big are the crystals?
Crystal size tells you how fast the magma cooled.
Your rock is probably
Corail fossile
Fossil
- Looks like
- Honeycomb or branching patterns preserved in limestone.
- How it forms
- Remains of corals that lived on the shallow sea floor.
- In Oman
- Fossil corals occur in Oman’s limestones.
Your rock is probably
Stromatolite
Fossil
- Looks like
- Fine wavy or domed layers in carbonate rock.
- How it forms
- Built layer by layer by microbial mats that trapped sediment.
- In Oman
- Occur in Oman’s Neoproterozoic carbonate rocks.
Your rock is probably
Calcaire
Sédimentaires
- Looks like
- Pale grey to cream rock, often containing fossils.
- How it forms
- Built up from calcium carbonate in warm, shallow seas.
- In Oman
- Thick Permian–Cretaceous limestones (Hajar Supergroup) form much of Jabal Akhdar; younger Tertiary limestones occur around Muscat.
Your rock is probably
Dépôt glaciaire
Sédimentaires
- Looks like
- Pebbles and boulders of mixed sizes in a fine-grained matrix.
- How it forms
- Debris carried and dropped by glaciers.
- In Oman
- Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian) glacial deposits are preserved in Oman, including diamictites of the Abu Mahara Group on the Saiq Plateau of Jabal Akhdar.
Your rock is probably
Roches métamorphiques (schiste)
Métamorphiques
- Looks like
- Rocks with a layered, often shiny foliation.
- How it forms
- Existing rocks changed by heat and pressure without melting.
- In Oman
- The Saih Hatat area near Muscat contains metamorphic rocks formed during Late Cretaceous subduction.
Your rock is probably
Éclogite
Métamorphiques
- Looks like
- Green rock studded with red garnet crystals.
- How it forms
- Formed at very high pressure, deep in a subduction zone.
- In Oman
- High-pressure rocks of the Saih Hatat area, including As Sifah, formed in the Late Cretaceous (about 80 million years ago).

Your rock is probably
Gabbro
Magmatiques
- Looks like
- Coarse-grained, speckled dark and light crystals.
- How it forms
- Magma that cooled slowly deep in the oceanic crust.
- In Oman
- The lower crust of the Samail ophiolite; zircon in these gabbros is dated to about 96–95 million years ago.
Your rock is probably
Dolérite (complexe filonien)
Magmatiques
- Looks like
- Medium-grained dark rock in parallel vertical sheets.
- How it forms
- Magma that filled cracks as the sea floor pulled apart, feeding the lavas above.
- In Oman
- The sheeted dyke complex of the Samail ophiolite.

Your rock is probably
Basalte et laves en coussins
Magmatiques
- Looks like
- Fine-grained dark rock forming rounded, pillow-shaped bodies.
- How it forms
- Basalt lava erupted under the sea and chilled quickly into pillows.
- In Oman
- Pillow lavas form the upper part of the ophiolite sequence; pillow lavas are also a stop on our Jabal Akhdar route.
Your rock is probably
Péridotite
Magmatiques
- Looks like
- Dense, dark green rock that often weathers to a rusty brown surface.
- How it forms
- Formed in Earth’s upper mantle, below the oceanic crust.
- In Oman
- Forms the mantle section of the Samail ophiolite in the Oman Mountains.
Your rock is probably
Travertin
Sédimentaires
- Looks like
- Pale, porous or banded carbonate rock.
- How it forms
- Carbonate minerals precipitated from spring water.
- In Oman
- Forms today where groundwater reacts with mantle peridotite; on the Saiq Plateau of Jabal Akhdar, older spring travertine was deposited where water emerged from limestone.
Still possible · 11
- Corail fossile
- Stromatolite
- Calcaire
- Dépôt glaciaire
- Roches métamorphiques (schiste)
- Éclogite
Gabbro
- Dolérite (complexe filonien)
Basalte et laves en coussins
- Péridotite
- Travertin
A real identification needs a hand lens, a fresh surface and simple tests — ask your GeoAstro guide in the field.
Look closely
Use the lens like a field geologist
Move the magnifier over each specimen — with your mouse, your finger or the arrow keys — then answer what you observe.

Challenge 1 of 6
Move the lens over the rock. Can you see separate crystals?
Gabbro cooled slowly deep in the crust, so its crystals had time to grow large.
Challenge 2 of 6
What colour are the round crystals scattered through the green rock?
The red crystals are garnet, a mineral that grows at high pressure.
Challenge 3 of 6
How are the mineral grains arranged?
Heat and pressure line the minerals up, giving a layered texture called foliation.
Challenge 4 of 6
Are the pebbles all the same size?
Glaciers carry and drop debris of every size together, so glacial deposits are poorly sorted.

Challenge 5 of 6
Look at the rock face the guide is pointing to. Which shapes tell you how this lava erupted?
Rounded pillows form when lava erupts under water and its surface chills instantly.
Challenge 6 of 6
Look closely at the cut surface. What does the pattern come from?
Honeycomb or branching patterns preserved in limestone are the remains of corals.
Classification activity
Sort the rocks into their families
Tap a specimen, then tap the family you think it belongs to. Think about how each rock formed.
Choisissez un spécimen pour commencer.
Educational comparisons
Similar at first sight, different stories
Comparing rocks side by side is how geologists learn what each clue means.

Gabbro
Dolérite (complexe filonien)

Basalte et laves en coussins
Gabbro, dolerite and basalt can form from similar magma. What changes is how fast it cooled: slowly deep in the crust gives large crystals; quickly on the sea floor gives tiny ones.
Calcaire
Travertin
Both are made mostly of calcite. Limestone built up in warm, shallow seas; travertine precipitates from spring water.
Roches métamorphiques (schiste)
Éclogite
Both are metamorphic rocks. Schist shows minerals lined up in layers; eclogite formed at very high pressure, deep in a subduction zone, and contains red garnet.
Corail fossile
Stromatolite
Fossil corals are the remains of animals that lived on the shallow sea floor. Stromatolites were built layer by layer by microbial mats — among the oldest traces of life.
Compare any two specimens
Magmatiques
Péridotite
- Looks like
- Dense, dark green rock that often weathers to a rusty brown surface.
- How it forms
- Formed in Earth’s upper mantle, below the oceanic crust.
- Minerals
- Olivine, Pyroxene, Serpentine (alteration)

Magmatiques
Gabbro
- Looks like
- Coarse-grained, speckled dark and light crystals.
- How it forms
- Magma that cooled slowly deep in the oceanic crust.
- Minerals
- Plagioclase, Pyroxene
Magmatiques
Dolérite (complexe filonien)
- Looks like
- Medium-grained dark rock in parallel vertical sheets.
- How it forms
- Magma that filled cracks as the sea floor pulled apart, feeding the lavas above.

Magmatiques
Basalte et laves en coussins
- Looks like
- Fine-grained dark rock forming rounded, pillow-shaped bodies.
- How it forms
- Basalt lava erupted under the sea and chilled quickly into pillows.
Sédimentaires
Calcaire
- Looks like
- Pale grey to cream rock, often containing fossils.
- How it forms
- Built up from calcium carbonate in warm, shallow seas.
- Minerals
- Calcite
Fossil
Corail fossile
- Looks like
- Honeycomb or branching patterns preserved in limestone.
- How it forms
- Remains of corals that lived on the shallow sea floor.
Fossil
Stromatolite
- Looks like
- Fine wavy or domed layers in carbonate rock.
- How it forms
- Built layer by layer by microbial mats that trapped sediment.
Sédimentaires
Dépôt glaciaire
- Looks like
- Pebbles and boulders of mixed sizes in a fine-grained matrix.
- How it forms
- Debris carried and dropped by glaciers.
Métamorphiques
Éclogite
- Looks like
- Green rock studded with red garnet crystals.
- How it forms
- Formed at very high pressure, deep in a subduction zone.
- Minerals
- Garnet, Omphacite
Métamorphiques
Roches métamorphiques (schiste)
- Looks like
- Rocks with a layered, often shiny foliation.
- How it forms
- Existing rocks changed by heat and pressure without melting.
Sédimentaires
Travertin
- Looks like
- Pale, porous or banded carbonate rock.
- How it forms
- Carbonate minerals precipitated from spring water.
Structure
Pli en fourreau
- Looks like
- A tube- or cone-shaped fold in strongly deformed rock.
- How it forms
- Formed when rock is intensely sheared and stretched.
Mineral
Olivine
- Looks like
- Olive-green glassy grains.
- How it forms
- A main mineral of Earth’s upper mantle.
Mineral
Grenat
- Looks like
- Deep red, rounded crystals.
- How it forms
- Grows in rocks under high pressure and temperature.
Mineral
Calcite
- Looks like
- White to colourless mineral, the main component of limestone and travertine.
- How it forms
- Precipitates from sea water, spring water or living organisms.
Magmatiques
Péridotite
- Looks like
- Dense, dark green rock that often weathers to a rusty brown surface.
- How it forms
- Formed in Earth’s upper mantle, below the oceanic crust.
- Minerals
- Olivine, Pyroxene, Serpentine (alteration)

Magmatiques
Gabbro
- Looks like
- Coarse-grained, speckled dark and light crystals.
- How it forms
- Magma that cooled slowly deep in the oceanic crust.
- Minerals
- Plagioclase, Pyroxene
Magmatiques
Dolérite (complexe filonien)
- Looks like
- Medium-grained dark rock in parallel vertical sheets.
- How it forms
- Magma that filled cracks as the sea floor pulled apart, feeding the lavas above.

Magmatiques
Basalte et laves en coussins
- Looks like
- Fine-grained dark rock forming rounded, pillow-shaped bodies.
- How it forms
- Basalt lava erupted under the sea and chilled quickly into pillows.
Sédimentaires
Calcaire
- Looks like
- Pale grey to cream rock, often containing fossils.
- How it forms
- Built up from calcium carbonate in warm, shallow seas.
- Minerals
- Calcite
Fossil
Corail fossile
- Looks like
- Honeycomb or branching patterns preserved in limestone.
- How it forms
- Remains of corals that lived on the shallow sea floor.
Fossil
Stromatolite
- Looks like
- Fine wavy or domed layers in carbonate rock.
- How it forms
- Built layer by layer by microbial mats that trapped sediment.
Sédimentaires
Dépôt glaciaire
- Looks like
- Pebbles and boulders of mixed sizes in a fine-grained matrix.
- How it forms
- Debris carried and dropped by glaciers.
Métamorphiques
Éclogite
- Looks like
- Green rock studded with red garnet crystals.
- How it forms
- Formed at very high pressure, deep in a subduction zone.
- Minerals
- Garnet, Omphacite
Métamorphiques
Roches métamorphiques (schiste)
- Looks like
- Rocks with a layered, often shiny foliation.
- How it forms
- Existing rocks changed by heat and pressure without melting.
Sédimentaires
Travertin
- Looks like
- Pale, porous or banded carbonate rock.
- How it forms
- Carbonate minerals precipitated from spring water.
Structure
Pli en fourreau
- Looks like
- A tube- or cone-shaped fold in strongly deformed rock.
- How it forms
- Formed when rock is intensely sheared and stretched.
Mineral
Olivine
- Looks like
- Olive-green glassy grains.
- How it forms
- A main mineral of Earth’s upper mantle.
Mineral
Grenat
- Looks like
- Deep red, rounded crystals.
- How it forms
- Grows in rocks under high pressure and temperature.
Mineral
Calcite
- Looks like
- White to colourless mineral, the main component of limestone and travertine.
- How it forms
- Precipitates from sea water, spring water or living organisms.
Apprendre sur le terrain
Faites la classe en plein air avec GeoAstro Oman
Programme de géologie pour les écoles
Préparation en classe, sortie guidée sur le terrain et activités de suivi pour vos élèves.
Réserver le programme de géologie scolairedemande de réservation via WhatsApp (ouvre WhatsApp dans un nouvel onglet)Circuit géologique de Mascate
Sept arrêts, de l’ophiolite à l’éclogite de Sifah.
Réserver le circuit géologique de Mascatedemande de réservation via WhatsApp (ouvre WhatsApp dans un nouvel onglet)Circuit géologique du Jabal Akhdar
Cinq arrêts, de Coral Park à la randonnée culturelle au village d’Al Ain.
Réserver le circuit géologique du Jabal Akhdardemande de réservation via WhatsApp (ouvre WhatsApp dans un nouvel onglet)Expérience de terrain universitaire
Description de terrain, structures et littérature publiée, dans les montagnes d’Oman.
Demander une expérience de terrain universitairedemande de réservation via WhatsApp (ouvre WhatsApp dans un nouvel onglet)
Un message WhatsApp est une demande, pas une réservation confirmée. Notre équipe vous répondra pour confirmer la disponibilité, les détails et le programme. Les expériences dépendent du ciel et de la météo.
